In the ongoing quest to tackle the housing crisis, urban planners and policymakers are exploring a myriad of solutions. The relationship between zoning and housing affordability remains a complex puzzle. As highlighted in a recent article from The Urbanist, the multifaceted approach to resolving these issues includes proposals ranging from the abolition of zoning to the implementation of stricter inclusionary zoning policies.
One of the key strategies discussed is the Multifamily Tax Exemption program, which has been instrumental in generating affordable housing while incentivizing apartment construction. However, changes to this program could disrupt the balance, potentially deterring builders from participating.
Urbanists are also considering the benefits of boosting housing production and increasing density to lower prices. This includes building more affordable homes and protecting existing communities from displacement. According to William Fischel, author of Zoning Rules, “More housing is more housing. It’s not just a particular kind of housing [that is needed].”
The article references a study by Vicki Been and colleagues from NYU, which found that increasing housing supply can slow rent growth. Economist Noah Smith suggests a nuanced approach, advocating for building “Yuppie fishtanks” to attract high-income families while also developing affordable housing to prevent gentrification and stabilize rents.
Social Housing Models
Another promising avenue is the exploration of social housing models, as seen in Europe and Singapore. Both Seattle and New York City are considering legislation to establish Social Housing Development Authorities. These authorities would focus on building, acquiring, and converting housing into social housing, with a strong emphasis on resident and union participation.
Technological Shifts and Zoning Obsolescence
Sonia Hirt, author of Zoned in the USA, suggests that the shift towards remote work could render traditional zoning systems obsolete. As technology continues to evolve, the integration of daily life and workspaces may lead to significant changes in urban planning.
Addressing past injustices, Richard Kahlenberg emphasizes the need for school system reforms. He advocates for public school choice to ensure that educational quality is not solely determined by neighborhood affluence. Additionally, he proposes an “Economic” Fair Housing Act to challenge exclusionary zoning practices.
The call for reparations, as argued by Ta-Nehisi Coates in his essay The Case for Reparations, underscores the historical impact of housing discrimination and redlining. Various cities are already taking steps to address these past wrongs.
Case Studies
Seattle: Recent legislation in Washington state has overridden cities’ powers to ban multi-family zoning, although wealthy neighborhoods like Broadmoor remain exempt. Seattle’s Comprehensive Plan aims to incentivize multi-family housing, but some argue it lacks ambition.
Minneapolis: Known for abolishing single-family zoning, the city has seen modest growth in duplexes and triplexes. However, multi-family housing continues to be the primary driver of affordability.
San Francisco: Despite its progressive reputation, a significant portion of the city remains zoned for single-family housing, perpetuating racial and economic segregation. A California law aimed at abolishing single-family zoning faces legal challenges.
Conclusions
While zoning has historically aimed to maintain positive land uses, its implementation has often resulted in negative consequences for marginalized communities. The shift towards YIMBYism (Yes In My Back Yard) and innovative solutions offers hope for a more equitable urban future.
For more detailed insights and analysis, the full article can be accessed here.
